http://localhost:8080/xmlui/handle/123456789/9 Thu, 14 May 2026 08:21:43 GMT 2026-05-14T08:21:43Z http://localhost:8080/xmlui/handle/123456789/12668 Translanguaging Pedagogies And The Making Of Literate Multilinguals: A Cognitive And Sociocultural Inquiry Otieno, Robert Liston Omari Translanguaging has emerged as a powerful pedagogical strategy in multilingual classrooms, offering students the opportunity to leverage all their linguistic resources for learning. This paper investigates how translanguaging practices shape learners’ metalinguistic awareness and literacy development across both dominant and marginalized languages. Drawing on sociocultural and cognitive-linguistic frameworks, the study examines classroom interactions, literacy assessments, and student reflections in multilingual African contexts. Findings are expected to reveal that translanguaging enhances students’ ability to reflect on language structures, fosters literacy skills across multiple languages, and strengthens learners’ linguistic and cultural identities. By situating these insights within broader debates on multilingual education and language equity, the research highlights how inclusive pedagogical approaches can address literacy disparities and promote cognitive and socio-emotional growth. The study contributes to ongoing discussions in applied linguistics, education, and sociolinguistics by providing empirical evidence on the efficacy and transformative potential of translanguaging in contemporary classrooms. Mon, 01 Dec 2025 00:00:00 GMT http://localhost:8080/xmlui/handle/123456789/12668 2025-12-01T00:00:00Z http://localhost:8080/xmlui/handle/123456789/12663 Effectiveness of Community Service Orders on Ex-Offenders Social Re-Integration in Keiyo North Sub-County, Elgeyo Marakwet County, Kenya Tarakus, Mercy; Gutwa, Peter; Barongo, Samson This research aimed at finding out the effectiveness of Community Service Orders on ex-offender’s social re- integration in Keiyo North Sub- County, Elgeyo-Marakwet County, Kenya. The research design was descriptive cross-sectional.The respondents included in the study were ex-offenders serving Community Service Order after benefitting from prison decongestion exercise. A sample size of 63 respondents was drawn from a total population of 190 respondents using sample size formula provided by Yamane (1967). Thereafter, simple random sampling was applied to select the 63 individuals to be included in the study from the target population of 190 using the lottery method.Structured questionnaires were used to collect data.Validity of the research instrument was maintained by providing operational definition of terms and describing the meaning of the independent and dependent variables in accordance with the purpose of the study. Content validity was observed by submitting the questionnaires to the supervisors for quality check ensuring the results of the study are relevant with reviews of literature. Reliability of the research instrument was achieved by conducting a pilot study at Eldoret Probation station using 10% of the sample size of respondents. This was followed by a revamp of the questionnaires in terms of wording, design, categorization and ensuring validity of the questions before the final draft of questionnaires was supplied.The data was analysed using descriptive and inferential statistics with the help of SPSS version 25 and presented in form of tables. The findings indicated that Community Service Orders had a positive and significant relationship on ex-offenders’ social re-integration. From the findings and conclusions, it was recommended that all relevant stakeholders who contribute to the social re-integration of ex- offenders on Community Service Order need to play their active role, the government should also consider conducting regular prison decongestion exercises since ex-offenders who benefit to serve Community Service Order for the remainder of their sentences have been shown to re-integrate back to the community successfully. In future, there is need to understand how other forms of supervised non-custodial sentences apart from Community Service Order are effective on ex-offenders social re-integration. Tue, 31 Oct 2023 00:00:00 GMT http://localhost:8080/xmlui/handle/123456789/12663 2023-10-31T00:00:00Z http://localhost:8080/xmlui/handle/123456789/12348 Influence of Settlement Activities on Sustainable Households’ Livelihoods of the Inhabitants in Mount Elgon Forest, Bungoma County, Kenya Kakai, Robert Simiyu; Mamboleo, Denis; Fedha, Lumayo Mildred Mount Elgon Forest has declined primarily due to anthropogenic activities. The aim of this paper was to investigate the influence of settlement activities on sustainable household’s livelihoods of inhabitants in Mount Elgon Forest, Bungoma County, Kenya. This study used cross-sectional research design and mixed methodology. The target population was 12842 household heads, 4 ward administrators, 12 chiefs, 1 Kenya Forest service personnel and 1 NEMA official. A sample of 373 household heads, 4 ward administrators, 12 chiefs, 1 Kenya Forest Service Personnel and 1 NEMA official took part in the study. Questionnaires, interview guides and Focus Group Discussions were used to collect data. Validity was determined by consulting supervisors while reliability was ascertained through piloting and use of Cronbach Alpha Coefficient. Quantitative data was analysed using frequencies, percentages, means, Standard deviation and Pearson Correlation analysis. Qualitative data was thematically classified and arranged before being reported in narrations and quotations. Analyzed data was presented using tables and figures. The study found a significant positive correlation between settlement activities and sustainable households’ livelihoods (r = .614; p = .000). It was recommended that there was a need to devise ways of reducing population density and land fragmentation leading to reduced dependency on forest products. The findings of the study will be crucial to professional bodies and institutions such as Kenya Forest service, Kenya wildlife service and NEMA in relooking at the approaches that enhance livelihoods among forest users and thus come up with strategies for effective management of forests improving on sustainable livelihoods. Sun, 01 Jan 2023 00:00:00 GMT http://localhost:8080/xmlui/handle/123456789/12348 2023-01-01T00:00:00Z http://localhost:8080/xmlui/handle/123456789/12347 Influence of Deforestation Activities on Sustainable Livelihoods of the Inhabitants in Mount Elgon Forest Reserve, Bungoma County, Kenya Kakai, Robert Simiyu; Fedha, Mildred Lumayo; Mamboleo, Denis; Ekisa, George Tom In the last three decades, the Mount Elgon Forest in Kenya has declined primarily due to anthropogenic activities as a result of overdependence of forest products and services for livelihoods. This paper aimed at investigating the influence of deforestation activities on sustainable livelihoods of the inhabitants in mount Elgon Forest. This study used cross sectional research design and mixed methodology where both quantitative and qualitative approaches of data collection and analysis was used. The target population was 12842 household heads, 4 ward administrators, 12 chiefs, 1 Kenya Forest service personnel and 1 NEMA official. A sample of 373 household heads,4 ward administrators, 12 chiefs, 1 Kenya Forest Service Personnel and 1 NEMA official took part in the study. Questionnaires, interview guides and Focus Group Discussions were used to collect data. Validity was determined by consulting supervisors while reliability was ascertained using Cronbach Alpha Coefficient. The quantitative data was analysed using frequencies, percentages, mean and Standard deviation. Pearson Correlation analysis was employed to determine relationship that exists between the independent and dependent variables. Qualitative data was thematically classified and arranged before they are reported in narrations and quotations. Analyzed data was presented using tables and figures. The study found out that there was a significant positive correlation between deforestation activities and sustainable households’ livelihoods (r = .682; p = .000) showing that deforestation activities affect sustainable livelihoods. It was recommended that there is need for the community and the government agencies to devise strategies of enhancing sustainable use of forest resources. Sun, 01 Jan 2023 00:00:00 GMT http://localhost:8080/xmlui/handle/123456789/12347 2023-01-01T00:00:00Z