Abstract:
Rabies is a fatal zoonotic viral disease affecting all warm-blooded mammals, with
approximately 99% of human cases resulting from bites by infected dogs. This study
assessed the factors influencing dog vaccination against rabies in South Mugirango,
Kisii County, Kenya, where the disease remains endemic and a major public health
concern. A quantitative descriptive cross-sectional survey was conducted, utilizing
structured questionnaires administered to 422 household heads. Additionally, 22 key
informant interviews were carried out with officials from relevant government departments
to gain deeper insights. This was a mixed method study involving both a cross
sectional survey and qualitative data collection. Data were analyzed using appropriate
statistical techniques to identify patterns and determine associations between
socio-demographic factors and vaccination practices. Socio-demographic factors
significantly associated with rabies awareness included marital status (p = 0.049),
occupation (p = 0.029 for housewives), and the gender of the household breadwinner
(p = 0.017 for males). Despite high awareness levels, 4.1% (17/422) of respondents
had not vaccinated their dogs in the past year, and only 15.9% (67/422) reported
recent vaccinations. Older individuals were 12% more likely to vaccinate their dogs
per year of age (OR = 1.12, p = 0.002). Higher education (OR = 1.45, p = 0.010),
income (OR = 1.20, p = 0.008), rabies awareness (OR = 2.30, p < 0.001), and access to
veterinary services (OR = 1.75, p < 0.001) significantly improved adherence. Despite
high awareness, dog vaccination rates in South Mugirango remain low, highlighting
the need for targeted interventions. Expanding access to veterinary services, subsidizing
vaccines, and prioritizing outreach to younger individuals, less-educated and
female-headed households can improve vaccination adherence and reduce rabies
transmission.
