Transformation Of Indigenous Cooperative Initiatives In Gusiiland, 1904-2002

Abstract

This study surveys the transformation of indigenous cooperative initiatives in Gusiiland between 1904 and 2002. It sought to contribute to the efforts of the Abagusii community towards the innovation of indigenous cooperative initiatives in Gusiiland as an initiative for the transformation of livelihoods. The study was guided by the following objectives; to trace the nature and growth of indigenous cooperative initiatives in Gusiiland, to analyse the effects of colonial policies, culture and practices of European settlement in Gusiiland and to investigate the role of indigenous cooperative initiatives and its impact on the transformation of people‘s livelihoods in Gusiiland. The research study employed two theories: first, modernization theory which postulates that a break from ‗primitive‘ traditional society is necessary for that society to attain large production status. The other theory used was dependency and underdevelopment which asserts that resources flow from a ‗periphery‘ of poor nations to the ‗core‘ of rich nations and thus enriching the latter at the expense of the former. Consequently, poor economies are integrated into the free market economy; commonly known as world systems. The study was conducted in Gusiiland. The population of the study was sampled from the nine sub-counties of Kisii County using the snowballing sampling technique. Further, internet sources and libraries were widely utilized as secondary materials. In addition, the study used primary sources of data collection which included oral interviews and archival evidence. Descriptive method was used to analyse data collected from the field thereafter. The basis of this study was the rationale for the emergence and sprouting of indigenous cooperative initiatives in Gusiiland towards transforming livelihoods in the community and the unity of purpose ensured not only food security, but also ensured societal welfare was bound and that relative peace and security was maintained. Further, findings were also evident that indigenous cooperative initiatives created a chain of bond among the Abagusii which still exists to date. However, it was also noted that European settlement in Gusiiland was forthwith occasioned with the introduction of new policies, culture and practices which altogether worked to the destruction of the existing structures. Hence, societal bond among the Abagusii has since grown cold, and the unity of purpose greatly weakened. Nevertheless, a chain of bond still exists amongst the Abagusii; as evidenced in the emergence and mushrooming of social groupings whose aim is to assist one another at all times – something that follows them even to their places of work and residence.