Abstract:
Knowledge sharing through Communities of Practice (CoPs) helps create a competitive advantage for universities if well harnessed through a strategic approach. The purpose of this study is to analyze the determinants of knowledge sharing among communities of practice in selected public universities in Kenya. The objectives of the study were to: determine knowledge sharing strategies among CoPs in public universities in Kenya; establish the existence of CoPs in selected public universities; examine motivators and inhibitors of knowledge sharing among the CoPs in public universities; and to propose a framework for effective and efficient knowledge sharing among CoPs in public universities in Kenya. Descriptive survey design provides the focus in undertaking the study. Four (4) public universities were purposively sampled for inclusion in the study, these were Moi, Multimedia, Karatina and Kibabii universities, and 58 respondents were successfully interviewed. Face-to-face interviews were supplemented by observation and documentary review. Data collected was analysed thematically. The study's findings unearthed key insights of CoPs as an effective tool in knowledge sharing among university staff. The results revealed various formal knowledge sharing fora for socialization and learning, such as workshops and conferences but the informal spaces were scanty. Small and Informal CoPs exist and are nurtured by both personal and institutional factors. Intrinsic and extrinsic motivators enabled KS through CoPs amidst several inhibitors such as time, inadequate incentives, limited meeting spaces should be addressed. The study found integration of technology in knowledge sharing is mainly asynchronous, with e-mail as the most common collaborative tool. Lack of training was the major challenge in the uptake of technology. The study recommends the formulation and implementation of KS policy to institute KS. It is imperative to improve the working environment through increased informal spaces such as cafeterias and common rooms close to academics ensuring regular interactions to share knowledge leading to improved KS culture. A recognition and rewards system will ensure CoPs thrive. Universities should enhance the ICT infrastructure, regularise training, and creation of awareness on collaborative tools. The study concludes that the selected universities had informal CoPs which were still in their formative stage and needed to be nurtured to accrue maximum benefits for the universities. Hence, an implementation KS framework is proposed to incorporate the key issues addressed in the study that informs a strategic approach to CoPs for effective and efficient knowledge sharing among communities of practice in public universities in Kenya.
